Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers Visiting Dental Clinics in Isfahan about Two-Five-Year-Old Children’s Dental Care

Introduction: Since many deformities, oral diseases, and oral hygiene habits are formed in two-five-year-old children, mothers have a critical role in promoting their children's oral health. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers toward dental and oral care of two-five-year-old children. Method: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2013-14. Mothers who visited dental clinics in Isfahan (Iran) were selected through stratified multistage sampling. Three questionnaires were administered to assess mothers' knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding their children’s oral health. Five other items were also included to evaluate the participants’ personal and family characteristics. The collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS 17.0. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Low (0-5), moderate (6-10), and high levels of knowledge about oral health were found in (8.6%), (47.4%), and (44%) mothers, respectively. While none of the mothers had negative attitudes (0-23), neutral (23-69) and positive (69-88) attitudes were present in (40.1%) and (59.9%) participants, respectively. There was a significantly relationship between knowledge and employment status (P < 0.001). Low, moderate, and high levels of performance were found (27.2%), (68.4%), and (4.4%) individuals, respectively. A significant relationship was detected between women’s attitude and employment status (P = 0.012). Moreover, employed mothers had a better performance toward the oral health of their children compared to other mothers (P = 0.031). Mothers’ education and economic status were also significantly related with their knowledge, attitude, and performance toward their children's oral hygiene. Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge and performance toward their children’s oral health was undesirable. Therefore, health education programs are required to promote the knowledge of mothers in this regard

Error Detection in Patients’ Pharmaceutical Data: Application of Ontology-Based Text Miner

&nbsp;Introduction: Medication errors in patients’ medical records can influence the healthcare quality and cause risks for them. It is, therefore, crucial to apply appropriate procedures to reduce these errors. This study sought to develop a software for detecting medication errors through qualitative analysis of patients’ medical records. Materials and Methods: The software was developed using object-oriented analysis and Java. The text was first pre-analyzed using a framework known as Stanford Core NLP. In the next stage, the text was turned into a semi-structured passage to be connected to Dr Onontology using Apache Jena framework. The name and dosage of available drugs were then extracted in the physician order forms and the patient progress notes. The areas of mismatch were identified through comparing the data obtained from these two forms. Results: Software assessment was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the capability of the software in proper recognition of medicine’s name was measured, as100 completed forms containing physician order forms with a total number of 1014 drugs were used for text mining and error detection. After running the analysis in the error detection software, 93% of the drugs were properly recognized. In the next stage, comparisons were made between the physician order forms and the patient progress notes to find possible mismatches. Out of 1000 recorded drugs in the analyzed forms, the software was able to properly detect mismatches in 91.8% of the cases. The medication data available in i2b2 were used for conducting the assessment. Conclusion: Given that medical records are of paramount importance and their human analysis is a complicated and time-consuming process, deployment of a text miner with the capability of quality analysis could facilitate error detection efficiently and effectively

Evaluation of the effectiveness of nutritional education based on Health Belief Model on self-esteem and BMI of overweight and at risk of overweight adolescent girls

Background Due to significant increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in developed countries, much attention has been focused on this issue. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nutritional education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on self-esteem and body mass index (BMI) of overweight and at risk of overweight adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: The study subjects consist of 140 female students recruited from two high schools, who were randomly allocated to the intervention (n=70) and control (n=70) groups. The data collection instrument included sections on socio-demographic status, transportation method, physical status, and knowledge and attitudes of the students towards nutrition, which was designed according to HBM. As the intervention, model-based educational program was implemented through six 60-minute sessions, focusing on the overweight and at-risk students. Results were compared in the beginning, and three months after the intervention to find the possible impacts. Results: Average score of model structures and self-esteem of students in both groups had no significant difference at baseline, but immediately after the intervention and 3 months after treatment, the mean component scores were significantly higher in intervention group than controls (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the control group between the mean scores of model structures and self-esteem at different times. There was a significant difference at different times in component scores in the experimental group (P<0.05). The mean score of BMI in the control group had no significant difference in different time. Significant difference in BMI scores was seen at different times in experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The positive effect of this program was seen among the participants. Therefore such interventions in schools for developing effective long-term healthy behaviors have preventive and controlling effects on overweight

The Study of the Possibility of Using Expired Ultraviolet Stabilizer (Tinuvin 770) in Polypropylene

TINUVIN 770 is a light stabilizer for stabilization of polymers, especially polypropylene against UV light that used worldwide. This compound has a high stability in dry conditions, away from direct sun light and in acidic condition is resistant to degradation and decomposition. The purpose of this research is the examination of the possibility of using expired TINUVIN 770 that besides the economic savings for the petrochemical industry, replace the applied method of using in expired materials in similar cases entering dozens toxic chemicals in Eco. This research is based on the identification methods of polymer additives such as high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectroscopy(HPLC-UV), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and comparison of the results obtained for the studied case (expired) and sample with date as the standard. Initially, DSC tests was performed on each sample to determine their thermal behavior. The FT-IR Spectrum of both samples was obtained. By UV-scan determined that both samples have UV absorbance in 270nm. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV, in this wavelength, and the same results were obtained for the two samples. Using GC-MS and comparison of the results obtained for the sample and standard it was proved the usability of   expired TINUVIN 770

The Study of the Possibility of Using Expired Ultraviolet Stabilizer (Tinuvin 770) in Polypropylene

TINUVIN 770 is a light stabilizer for stabilization of polymers, especially polypropylene against UV light that used worldwide. This compound has a high stability in dry conditions, away from direct sun light and in acidic condition is resistant to degradation and decomposition. The purpose of this research is the examination of the possibility of using expired TINUVIN 770 that besides the economic savings for the petrochemical industry, replace the applied method of using in expired materials in similar cases entering dozens toxic chemicals in Eco. This research is based on the identification methods of polymer additives such as high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectroscopy(HPLC-UV), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and comparison of the results obtained for the studied case (expired) and sample with date as the standard. Initially, DSC tests was performed on each sample to determine their thermal behavior. The FT-IR Spectrum of both samples was obtained. By UV-scan determined that both samples have UV absorbance in 270nm. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV, in this wavelength, and the same results were obtained for the two samples. Using GC-MS and comparison of the results obtained for the sample and standard it was proved the usability of   expired TINUVIN 770

Effect of Fordyce Happiness Model on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis

Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fordyce Happiness Model (FHM) on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in MS patients. Methods In this clinical trial, 140 MS patients assigned to experimental and control groups. Depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue were measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Piper Standard Scale before and immediately and three months after the implementation of FHM. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18. Results Independent t-test indicated that total scores of stress, depression, and fatigue of the two groups were not significantly different before the intervention but were significantly different after the intervention (P˂0.05). Moreover, anxiety scores of the two were not significantly different after the intervention (P˃0.05). Conclusion FHM can assist MS patients to manage their disease and associated problems in life. Besides that, since FHM is efficient and costless, it can be incorporated into the health interventions for MS patients

A study of stigma among Iranian family caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis: A descriptive explorative qualitative study

Aim This study was done to investigate the experiences of family caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) about stigmatization in Iranian health care context. Background Stigmatization has been observed obviously among patients with MS but few studies have been conducted on stigma among the family caregivers of these patients. Methods This qualitative study with thematic analysis was done to explore this issue. Fourteen family caregivers of patients with MS were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth and unstructured interviews. Results Four main subthemes emerged from the analysis of the transcripts: “feeling shame”, “fear of being ridiculed by others”, “ignored by family” and “concealing disease to be secure against the perceptions of disease”. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should be encouraged to inform caregivers about social engagement strategies and to train them on the management of stigma as an important factor for the reduction of their social problem

National Health Information Network: Lessons Learned From the USA and the UK

National Health Information Network (NHIN) is a network in which all health care organizations, government agencies and other health-related organizations are connected to each other to exchange information about health. Due to the necessity of a framework for NHIN development, in this paper, according to the literature review, a definition for NHIN framework was provided, and then the NHIN related projects were reviewed in the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK), NHIN and National Programme for Information Technology in the NHS (NPfIT), respectively. The Review of NHIN framework in the countries studied show some similarities and differences in each dimension that are discussed in this framework. NHIN guiding principles in the NHS NPfIT were not regarded or were considered incomplete, compared to the US. NHIN architecture in the US is decentralized while it is centralized in the UK. Based on the review of NHIN framework, these two countries represent important points that can be used in many other countries. However, it can be said that the development of NHIN does not only mean the implementation of national system or systems, or the binding of local health information systems, but It also needs to build on a framework in which many of the issues related to the formation of NHIN would be considered; including the cooperation between government, private sector and stakeholders with regard to local, national and international needs

A Survey on Intensive Care Unit Information Systems in Hospitals Affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The information system of the intensive care unit has been designed and established in order to manage patients’ data and quickly retrieve patients’ information in this unit. This research was carried out to study the information system of the ICU and reporting capabilities in the hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the study population included ICU information systems in seven hospitals that had the system in place. Data gathering tools were a questionnaire and a checklist. The content validity was performed to ensure the validity of the checklist and questionnaire. The test-retest method was used to determine the questionnaire reliability (r = 0.89). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Data collection in the ICU information system in all hospitals understudy is done both in the form of paper forms and electronically. Regarding reporting capability, &nbsp;patients’ demographic information reports, admission reports, discharge reports, transfers, diagnoses, mortality, and management reports, none of the studied hospitals, the automatic reporting capability scores (GCS), reporting patient safety indicators through alerts and reminders, reporting the cost of medications, reporting disease severity, including Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), were not observed. Conclusion: Implementing comprehensive and integrated ICU information systems can be an effective step towards organizing patient information and improving the quality of service provided to them. Therefore, the deployment of an ICU information system is necessary to improve care delivery in ICUs

Electronic Health Record Architecture: A Systematic Review

Numerous advantages are derived from the electronic health record (EHR).Though achieving such advantages depends on its architecture, at present no unique understanding of the architecture dimensions and specifications is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study is a systematic review of architecture perception of the electronic health record. The authors searched the literature in Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and Proudest Databases (2000 to Jun 2015).  Data extraction was done by 2 reviewers on content, structure, content/structure relationship, confidentiality and security of the EHR. Subsequent to refining the 87 retrieved studies, 25 studies were finally included in the study. In the studies and paradigms so far proposed for the EHR, a unique comprehensive architecture model from the viewpoint of research criteria has not been investigated and it has been considered only from some dimensions. Hence, we provide a new definition of the EHR architecture